Perioperative care in hypoadrenalism: A narrative review

Abstract

Impaired production of adrenal hormones or hypoadrenalism is not uncommon and has various aetiologies. Untreated hypoadrenalism during operative period can lead to preventable major adverse events. Identification and risk stratification in those who have hypoadrenalism is an important part of preoperative assessment. There are multiple guidelines on intraoperative care and anaesthesia for patients with adrenal insufficiency. The aim of this review is to discuss the available evidence and optimal management approaches for surgical patients with hypoadrenalism during intra- and post-operative periods.