Abstract
The first steps to liberalize NPO guidelines began in the early 1980s and were based more on compassion than science. Infants were allowed to be awakened at 0300 and given clear liquids. Children whose anticipated surgical start times were later than 1200 were allowed to consume clear liquids at 0500. Fortunately, during the past decade, prospective double-blind NPO studies have been performed to provide more scientific input into the development of more humane and rational pediatric NPO guidelines. In this article the author reviews the historical aspects of aspiration pneumonitis, describes the significant findings of recent landmark studies, and presents the NPO guidelines recently promulgated by the Canadian Anaesthetists' Society.
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