Periodontitis and retinal microcirculation in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.

Abstract

The aim of this cross-sectional study is to explore if periodontitis is associated with alterations of the retinal microcirculation, a predictive marker of cardiovascular events. Of 457 subjects aged 52years and more from the ARIC cohort were included. Retinal vascular diameters were measured and summarized as central retinal arteriolar/venular equivalents (CRAE/CRVE). Periodontitis was determined by using the CDC/AAP definition. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate the relationships between CRAE, CRVE and periodontitis. No association was found between CRAE and periodontal status. However, CRVE and severe periodontitis were positively and significantly associated. Mean CRVE (±SD) was 187.0±17.2μm in the health-gingivitis group, and, respectively, 188.5±16.3μm (p=0.39) and 191.6±16.8μm (p=0.04) in moderate and severe periodontitis groups, after adjustment for a propensity score based on confounders. Results were consistent when analyses were restricted to participants with diabetes mellitus (n=66), but not diabetes-free subjects. Severe periodontitis is associated with larger retinal venular diameter in patients with type 2 diabetes. Further studies are needed to explore the impact of diabetes mellitus on the association between periodontitis and retinal microcirculation.