Abstract
Periodontal diseases are immune inflammatory responses induced by dental plaque in which microorganisms harboured within a susceptible periodontium contributes to tissue destruction, bone loss and eventually tooth loss. The etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease is multifactorial which includes host associated factors, genetic factors, immune system dysfunction and environmental factors. Existing treatment modalities have resulted only in arresting the disease progression but have not cured the disease completely, nor do they avert the recurrence. Hence there is a need for therapeutic modalities which may include vaccines targeting periodontal pathogens. Vaccination is induction of immunity by injecting a dead or attenuated form of pathogen. Till date, no pre-emptive modality exists for periodontal disease, the availability of periodontal vaccine would prevent the progression of periodontal diseases. The aim of this review article is to confer the various approaches associated with periodontal vaccine.
Highlights
P.G Student, Department of Periodontology, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Wanadongri Road, Hingna, District Nagpur- 441110
No preemptive modality exists for periodontal disease, the availability of periodontal vaccine would prevent the progression of periodontal diseases
There are over 300 species of microorganisms that have been found to colonize the periodontal tissues, of which the following are considered to be the primary pathogens causing periodontitis: 1. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.gingavalis) 2
Summary
The target antigens have progressed from the whole organism in the past to current approaches wherein the specific virulence factors aim to confer immunity against colonization or the virulent activity of putative periodontal pathogens.
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