Periodontal Tissue as a Biomaterial for Hard-Tissue Regeneration following bmp-2 Gene Transfer.

Mariko Yamamoto Kawai,Hiroki Maruyama,Kiyoshi Ohura,Shigeki Yamanaka,Marina Kashiwagi,Ryosuke Ozasa,Hiromitsu Yamamoto,Takayoshi Nakano,Kazuhisa Bessho,Takuya Ishimoto,Kazumasa Nakao

doi:10.3390/ma15030993

Mariko Yamamoto Kawai, Hiroki Maruyama + Show 9 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030993

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Abstract

The application of periodontal tissue in regenerative medicine has gained increasing interest since it has a high potential to induce hard-tissue regeneration, and is easy to handle and graft to other areas of the oral cavity or tissues. Additionally, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) has a high potential to induce the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteogenic cells. We previously developed a system for a gene transfer to the periodontal tissues in animal models. In this study, we aimed to reveal the potential and efficiency of periodontal tissue as a biomaterial for hard-tissue regeneration following a bmp-2 gene transfer. A non-viral expression vector carrying bmp-2 was injected into the palate of the periodontal tissues of Wistar rats, followed by electroporation. The periodontal tissues were analyzed through bone morphometric analyses, including mineral apposition rate (MAR) determination and collagen micro-arrangement, which is a bone quality parameter, before and after a gene transfer. The MAR was significantly higher 3–6 d after the gene transfer than that before the gene transfer. Collagen orientation was normally maintained even after the bmp-2 gene transfer, suggesting that the bmp-2 gene transfer has no adverse effects on bone quality. Our results suggest that periodontal tissue electroporated with bmp-2 could be a novel biomaterial candidate for hard-tissue regeneration therapy.

Highlights

Periodontal tissue consists of the gingiva, periodontal ligament (PDL), and alveolar bone
To investigate the effects of bmp-2 gene transfer on bone quality in the alveolar bone around the upper first molar, this study focused on three bone regions from rats with or without bmp-2 gene injection as follows: (i) control group with sham operation; (ii) bmp-2-injected group; and (iii) opposite side of the bmp-2-injected group without treatment
We set the baseline level as the mineral apposition rate (MAR) value 3 days before the gene transfer; MAR values for the first molar or second molar (Figure 2) after the gene transfer were compared with the baseline level

Summary

Introduction

Periodontal tissue consists of the gingiva, periodontal ligament (PDL), and alveolar bone. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) occur in periodontal tissue, including the PDL [1,2,3]. MSCs are a heterogeneous population derived from mesenchymal tissue and have the functional capacity to differentiate into bone, cartilage, and adipose cells in vitro [4,5]. PDL is an essential factor for dental implant therapy; it is especially related to microbial contamination [6]. The handling and grafting of periodontal tissue to other areas of the oral cavity or other tissues is a simple process for surgeons [8,9]

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