Abstract
The principal cells of the healthy, functional periodontal ligament are the differentiated cells and their progenitors. The differentiated cells are concerned with the synthesis and resorption of alveolar bone and the fibrous connective tissue of the ligament and cementum. It has been shown that small proportion of periodontal ligament cells are in mitosis at any given time. The cells of the periodontal ligament are also highly active metabolically; those of the rat molar turn the collagen over 5 times faster than do the fibroblast in the lamina propria of gingiva and 15 times faster than the fibroblast of skin. Progenitor cells exhibited marked differences in cytodifferentiation, suggesting that the progenitor cells that divide after wounding do not belong to a population of cells exhibiting uniform cytological characteristics, therefore it is unlikely that ultrastructural cytology can be used to identify these progenitor cells. Progenitor cells exhibited marked differences in cytodifferentiation, suggesting that the progenitor cells that divide after wounding do not belong to a population of cells exhibiting uniform cytological characteristics, therefore it is unlikely that ultrastructural cytology can be used to identify these progenitor cells. The evidence that these cells are present within the periodontal tissues was provided by McCulloch and coworkers by in vivo and histological studies.
Highlights
The evidence that undifferentiated mesenchymal cells are present within the periodontal tissues was first provided by McCulloch and coworkers by in vivo and histological studies
Iwata et al aim was to know whether periodontal ligament is a reliable source for periodontal regeneration and so they followed an optimal protocol for the extraction, expansion and characterization of human periodontal ligaments (PDL) cells was examined for clinical trials
Various types of stem cells have been isolated from teeth (dental pulp stem cells (P-mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDL-MSCs), stem cells from exfoliated human deciduous teeth (SHED), stem cells from root apical papilla (SCAP), dental follicle progenitor stem cells, Gingival Mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) [26,27,28,29], orofacial bone/bone-marrow-derived MSCs [26,27,28,29], Tooth germ stem cells (TGSCs) [26,27,28,29], MSCs from periapical lesions (PL-MSCs) [26,27,28,29], Oral mucosal lamina propriaderived progenitor cells (OMLP-PCs) Ding et al [30] and granulation tissue from tooth extraction socket [31] but the ideal stem cell is still questionable, including, which may be a good stem cell type for stem cell-based therapy in certain disease, especially when they origin from neural crest is considered [32]
Summary
The evidence that undifferentiated mesenchymal cells are present within the periodontal tissues was first provided by McCulloch and coworkers by in vivo and histological studies. Iwata et al aim was to know whether periodontal ligament is a reliable source for periodontal regeneration and so they followed an optimal protocol for the extraction, expansion and characterization of human PDL (hPDL) cells was examined for clinical trials They found that hPDL cells frequently differentiated into cementoblastic/ osteoblastic lineage [22]. Park et al had an objective to study mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) that could be isolated from healthy periodontal ligaments (PDL) Their aim was to isolate and characterize human PDL stem cells (hPDLSCs) from inflamed PDL tissue, and to evaluate their regenerative potential. The expression of dentinogenic markers by hDPCs was not affected during co-culture with hPDLSCs and/or hGFs but it was diminished during extended culture
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