Abstract
The purpose of this study is to compare the periodontal health of the lower anterior teeth retained with the use of removable and fixed retainers. Fifty four cases receiving comprehensive orthodontic treatment in between 10 to 30 years were randomly selected and divided into 2 groups of 27 each. One group was given removable retainers and other was given fixed retainers. The periodontal status of the patients was accessed with bleeding on probing index, Plaque index and Calculus index. The mean plaque index in case of removable retainers at 1st, 3rd and 6th month were 0.5, 1.0 and 1.7 where as in case of fixed retainers that were 1.8, 3.0 and 4.5. The mean dental calculus index in case of removable retainers at 1st, 3rd and 6th month were 0.0, 0.1 and 0.1 where as in case of fixed retainers that were 0.1, 0.9 and 1.8. In conclusion, removable retainers are superior in oral hygiene maintenance, yet the use of fixed retainers cannot be denied.
Highlights
Appliances which are used in orthodontics practice are broadly classified as removable and fixed appliance by which retention can be achieved
Hawley’s appliance is made of acrylic palatal portion and labial bow is made of stainless steel wire 0.020 to 0.036 inch, whereas Essix retainer typically consist of a 0.030 inch plastic and all surfaces of the teeth are covered completely
To measure the amount of dental calculus, a calibrated periodontal probe was applied at three location of the buccal and lingual sides of each lower incisor and canine, a mesial location, at the tooth center and distal location
Summary
Appliances which are used in orthodontics practice are broadly classified as removable and fixed appliance by which retention can be achieved. Removable appliances used are Hawley’s appliance and Essix retainers. The most commonly used removal appliance is Hawley’s appliance.[1] Hawley’s appliance is made of acrylic palatal portion and labial bow is made of stainless steel wire 0.020 to 0.036 inch, whereas Essix retainer typically consist of a 0.030 inch plastic and all surfaces of the teeth are covered completely. Intra-arch instability is anticipated and prolonged retention is intended by the fixed retainers which are used normally.[2] It was first proposed by Zachrisson,[3] where he introduced individual tooth adjustment, multi-stranded wire bonded on the lingual surface of each tooth for retention for the longer period. The most commonly used are the mandibular canine to canine (3-3) bonded retainer bar (0.030 or 0.032 inch) and the thin wire is 0.0215 inch, flexible retainer and spiral wire retainer.[4, 5]
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