Periodontal health in patients under conventional and lingual orthodontic therapies

José Gonzalo Tapia-Rivera,Marcos Gabriel Prieto,Laurindo Borelli-Neto,Andréia Cotrim-Ferreira,Rívea Inês Ferreira-Santos

doi:10.1590/1807-2577.1079

José Gonzalo Tapia-Rivera, Marcos Gabriel Prieto + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.1079

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Abstract

AbstractObjectiveSome clinical periodontal health parameters were assessed comparatively in patients using conventional and lingual brackets.Material and methodA trained examiner registered the frequencies of visible plaque (VP), bleeding on probing (BOP), as well as the simplified oral hygiene (OHI-S) and modified gingival (MGI) indices in 83 subjects from two clinics. The effects of orthodontic treatments on periodontal health were analyzed using logistic regression (α = 0.05).ResultIn the conventional group, the frequency of visible plaque was significantly higher on the buccal surfaces of anterior (OR = 12.5) and maxillary posterior (OR = 3.6) teeth, p < 0.01. BOP in posterior teeth was also more frequent in this group, p < 0.05. The lingual group presented higher frequency of visible plaque on the lingual surfaces of anterior teeth (OR = 4.3; p = 0.0034). The conventional group had significantly higher frequencies of mild gingivitis in the buccal regions of anterior (OR = 9.0) and maxillary posterior (OR = 16.7) teeth, p < 0.05, and anterior papillae (OR = 9.0; p = 0.0003). On the other hand, the lingual group evidenced mild gingivitis more often in the lingual regions of anterior teeth (OR = 54.5), p < 0.01.ConclusionBased on the results of this study, the clinical periodontal health conditions may be considered acceptable for patients using both conventional and lingual brackets.

Highlights

Orthodontic treatment, when not well-monitored, may induce adverse periodontal effects[1,2]
The chances of visible plaque (VP) (Table 1) and mild gingivitis (Tables 2 and 3) occurring on the buccal surfaces of anterior and maxillary posterior teeth, as well as bleeding on probing (BOP) occurring on maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth (Table 4) would be significantly greater for patients under conventional treatment
The higher frequencies of dental plaque and mild gingivitis on the lingual surfaces of anterior teeth (Tables 1, 2 and 3) may be related to the limitation of mechanical self-cleaning imposed by the lingual brackets

Summary

Introduction

Orthodontic treatment, when not well-monitored, may induce adverse periodontal effects[1,2]. There may be associated increases in the quantity, composition, metabolic activity and pathogenicity of the oral microbiota[3]. Longitudinal assessment of patients demonstrated that placement of fixed orthodontic appliances influenced clinical periodontal and microbial parameters, which were only partially normalized three months after bracket removal[2]. Lingual therapy represents the most esthetic orthodontic treatment option[4,5] because brackets are not visible and the lips are not protruded[5], some discomfort[6], speech alteration[7] and difficulty in oral hygiene[8,9,10] have been reported. Evidence comparing clinical periodontal parameters associated with dental plaque accumulation in patients using lingual and conventional brackets is scarce. Few studies registered data on the periodontal status of patients using lingual brackets[11,12]

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Conclusion