Abstract
BackgroundBoth periodontal disease and benign prostatic hyperplasia are age-related diseases that affect millions of people worldwide. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the association between periodontal disease and the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia.MethodsA total of 4930 participants were selected from an available health examination that was carried out in 2017, only males were considered for further analysis. All eligible males were divided into benign prostatic hyperplasia and normal groups, the benign prostatic hyperplasia group was then divided into prostate volume ≤ 60 g and > 60 g subgroups; all their periodontal status was extracted and then into normal (CPI score of 0), periodontal disease (CPI score between 1 and 4), and periodontitis (CPI score between 3 and 4) groups. The correlation between periodontal disease and benign prostatic hyperplasia was investigated using logistic regression analyses and greedy matching case-control analysis. Subgroup analysis based on prostate volume was also performed. All analyses were conducted with SAS 9.4 software.ResultsA total of 2171 males were selected for this analysis. The presence of periodontal disease significantly increased the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia by 1.68 times (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.26–2.24), and individuals with periodontitis showed a higher risk (OR = 4.18, 95% CI: 2.75–6.35). In addition, among matched cases and controls, this association remained robust (periodontal disease: OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.30–2.64; periodontitis: OR = 4.83, 95% CI: 2.57–9.07). Subgroup analysis revealed that periodontal disease significantly increased benign prostate hyperplasia risk as well (for prostate volume ≤ 60 g: OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.22–2.20; for volume > 60 g: OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.04–4.53), and there was a higher risk in the group with a prostate volume greater than 60 g.ConclusionPeriodontal disease is significantly and positively associated with an increased risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Further validation studies should be performed to explore the relationship between periodontal treatment and benign prostate hyperplasia.
Highlights
Both periodontal disease and benign prostatic hyperplasia are age-related diseases that affect millions of people worldwide
1405 subjects were free from periodontal disease, while 766 had periodontal disease, accounting for 35.3% of all participants
In our study, periodontitis was associated with an increased risk of Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in both crude and adjusted analyses; periodontal disease had no independent relationship with BPH in crude analysis, but statistical significance appeared after adjustments and subgroup analysis
Summary
Both periodontal disease and benign prostatic hyperplasia are age-related diseases that affect millions of people worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the association between periodontal disease and the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Periodontal disease is a complex polymicrobial inflammation and a global burden disease (GBD), and periodontal disease mainly includes gingivitis and periodontitis. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is defined as unregulated proliferation of connective tissue, smooth muscle and glandular epithelium within the prostate transition zone and is one of the most common diseases in humans. It is estimated that the doubling time of BPH growth is 4.5 years among individuals between the ages of 31 and 50 and 10 years among those between 51 and 70 years old [20]. BPH treatment imposes heavy social and economic burdens on individuals, families, communities and countries. Identifying risk factors for BPH to improve early prevention is meaningful
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