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Abstract
Gingivitis and periodontitis are associated with a negative impact on Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL), exerting a significant influence on aspects related to the patients' function and esthetics. Periodontitis has been associated with several systemic conditions, including adverse pregnancy outcomes, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), respiratory disorders, fatal pneumonia in hemodialysis patients, chronic renal disease and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this paper was to review the results of different periodontal treatments and their impacts on patients' OHRQoL and systemic health. Non-surgical and surgical periodontal treatments are predictable procedures in terms of controlling infection, reducing probing pocket depth and gaining clinical attachment. In addition, the treatment of periodontitis may significantly improve OHRQoL and promote a reduction in the levels of systemic markers of inflammation, including some cytokines associated with cardiovascular diseases. Studies have also suggested that periodontal treatment may improve glycemic control in patients with DM. Strategies and actions for preventing the onset and recurrence of periodontitis, and the challenges facing the field of periodontology in the XXI century are presented in this review.
Highlights
Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease associated with a dysbiotic biofilm and characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus, which can lead to tooth loss.[1]
Periodontitis has been associated with several systemic conditions, including adverse pregnancy outcomes[6], cardiovascular diseases,[7,16] type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM),[8] respiratory diseases,[17] pneumonia mortality in hemodialysis patients,[18] chronic kidney disease[9] and metabolic syndrome.[19]
Other forms of therapies, such as lasers, antiseptics, systemic antibiotics, host-modulators and probiotics have been suggested as adjuncts to Scaling and root planning (SRP) in order to potentiate the effects of this treatment.[35]
Summary
Periodontal disease and its impact on general health in Latin America. Ricardo Guimarães FISCHER(a) Ronaldo LIRA JUNIOR(b) Belén RETAMAL-VALDES(c) Luciene Cristina de FIGUEIREDO(c,d) Zilson MALHEIROS(d,e) Bernal STEWART(d,e) Magda FERES(c,d). (a)Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – UERJ, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. (b)Karolinska Institutet, Dental School, Department of Periodontolgy, Stockholm, Sweden. (c)Universidade de Guarulhos – UnG, Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil. (d)Latin American Oral Health Association – LAOHA, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. (e)Colgate Palmolive Company, Global Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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