Periodontal CD14 mRNA expression is downregulated in patients with chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes.

Dustin C Hedgpeth,Renata S Leite,Joe W Krayer,Yan Huang,Xiaoming Zhang,Junfei Jin

doi:10.1186/s12903-015-0118-3

Dustin C Hedgpeth, Renata S Leite + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-015-0118-3

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Abstract

BackgroundPatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have increased severity of periodontitis. Toll-like receptor (TLR)4, its co-receptors CD14 and MD-2, and adaptor MyD88 play pivotal roles in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered tissue inflammation and periodontitis. This study investigated the effects of T2DM and periodontitis on TLR4, CD14, MD-2 and MyD88 mRNA expression in surgically removed periodontal tissues.MethodsPeriodontal tissue specimens were collected from 14 patients without periodontitis and T2DM (Group 1), 15 patients with periodontitis alone (Group 2), and 7 patients with both periodontitis and T2DM (Group 3). The mRNA of TLR4, CD14, MD-2 and MyD88 was quantified using real-time PCR and compared between the groups.ResultsStatistical analysis showed that periodontal expression of CD14 mRNA was significantly reduced across Groups 1, 2 and 3 (p = 0.02) whereas the mRNA expression of TLR4, MD-2 and MyD88 was not significantly different among the groups. Furthermore, when patients in Groups 1 and 2 were combined (n = 22), the CD14 mRNA expression was significantly lower than that in patients of Group 1 (p = 0.04).ConclusionsCD14 mRNA expression was downregulated across patients with neither periodontitis nor T2DM, patients with periodontitis alone and patients with both diseases, suggesting that CD14 mRNA expression is associated with a favorable host response or subjected to a negative feedback regulation.

Highlights

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have increased severity of periodontitis
Statistical analysis indicated that African Americans in group 3 were significantly more than those in group 1 or group 2, which is consistent with the previous reports that African Americans have a high risk of developing T2DM and periodontitis [22, 23]
Our current study demonstrated that CD14 mRNA level was significantly reduced across patients with neither periodontitis nor T2DM, patients with periodontitis alone, and patients with both periodontitis and T2DM, suggesting that periodontitis and T2DM negatively regulates CD14 gene expression in periodontal tissue

Summary

Introduction

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have increased severity of periodontitis. Toll-like receptor (TLR), its co-receptors CD14 and MD-2, and adaptor MyD88 play pivotal roles in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered tissue inflammation and periodontitis. Studies have established that host immune-inflammatory response to Gram-negative bacteria-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of periodontitis [2]. Findings from mechanistic studies indicate that poorly controlled T2DM leads to a hyperinflammatory host response to periodontal microbiota and impairs resolution of inflammation and repair, leading to accelerated periodontal destruction [10].

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