Abstract
BackgroundIn equine dentistry periodontal diseases, especially periapical inflammation, are frequently occurring problems. Anachoresis is believed to be the most common cause for the development of such disorders. Nevertheless, there is still no substantiated explanation why settlement of pathogen microorganisms occurs in equine periodontal tissues. It is expected that excessive strains and stresses occurring in the periodontal ligament (PDL) during the horse’s chewing cycle might be a predisposing factor. In this study this assumption was examined by finite element (FE) analyses on virtual 3-D models of equine maxillary and mandibular cheek teeth, established on the basis of μCT datasets. Calculations were conducted both under conditions of closing and power stroke.ResultsResults showed a uniform distribution of low stresses and strain energy density (SED) during closing stroke, whereas during power stroke an occurrence of high stresses and SED could be observed in the PDL near the alveolar crest and in periapical regions.ConclusionThe concentration of forces during power stroke in these specific areas of the PDL may cause local tissue necrosis and inflammation and thus establish a suitable environment for the settlement of microorganisms.
Highlights
In equine dentistry periodontal diseases, especially periapical inflammation, are frequently occurring problems
We propose that excessive strains and stresses occurring in the periodontal ligament (PDL) during the horse’s chewing cycle could cause pathological tissue changes and be a predisposing factor for equine periodontal diseases
Stresses occurring in linguo-buccal or bucco-palatal directions were computed for power stroke because this direction was assumed to be placed under considerable force during this phase of the chewing cycle
Summary
In equine dentistry periodontal diseases, especially periapical inflammation, are frequently occurring problems. It is expected that excessive strains and stresses occurring in the periodontal ligament (PDL) during the horse’s chewing cycle might be a predisposing factor. In this study this assumption was examined by finite element (FE) analyses on virtual 3-D models of equine maxillary and mandibular cheek teeth, established on the basis of μCT datasets. Calculations were conducted both under conditions of closing and power stroke. In geriatric horses the Periodontal diseases can be subdivided into those proceeding from the gingival sulcus into the periodontal space and those occurring exclusively in the periapical region
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