Abstract
Periodontitis and peri-implantitis are common biofilm-mediated infectious diseases affecting teeth and dental implants and have been considered to be initiated with microbial dysbiosis. To further understand the essence of oral microbiome dysbiosis in terms of bacterial interactions, community structure, and microbial stability, we analyzed 64 plaque samples from 34 participants with teeth or implants under different health conditions using metagenomic sequencing. After taxonomical annotation, we computed the inter-species correlations, analyzed the bacterial community structure, and calculated the microbial stability in supra- and subgingival plaques from hosts with different health conditions. The results showed that when inflammation arose, the subgingival communities became less connective and competitive with fewer hub species. In contrast, the supragingival communities tended to be more connective and competitive with an increased number of hub species. Besides, periodontitis and peri-implantitis were associated with significantly increased microbial stability in subgingival microbiome. These findings indicated that the periodontal and peri-implant dysbiosis is associated with aberrant alterations in the bacterial correlations, community structures, and local stability. The highly connected hub species, as well as the major contributing species of negative correlations, should also be given more concern in future studies.
Highlights
MATERIALS AND METHODSPeriodontitis is a prevalent disease in the human oral cavity and the major cause of dentition defects (Albandar, 2005)
We investigated the bacterial co-occurrence networks and the community structures to explore the effect of periodontitis and peri-implantitis on the oral microbiome in a new perspective
Our result showed that when associated with periodontitis and peri-implantitis, the connectance of subgingival microbiome tended to decrease while the connectance of supragingival microbiome tended to increase
Summary
Periodontitis is a prevalent disease in the human oral cavity and the major cause of dentition defects (Albandar, 2005). It is a complex infectious disease resulting from infectioninduced inflammation and hyperimmune response toward various microbial pathogens (Kajiya et al, 2010; Bueno et al, 2015). Peri-implantitis is caused by the hyper-inflammation in peri-implant tissue and the aberrant change in the microbial community (Alcoforado et al, 1991; Leonhardt et al, 1999; Wang et al, 2016). As implant-supported prostheses are being more and more widely used to replace missing teeth (Buser et al, 2017), there will be an increasing number of patients suffering from peri-implantitis in the coming future
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