Abstract
Inre Verkviken, a fjord-like, 20 m deep inlet in northern Aland, SW Finland, was probably a holomictic brackish-water lake nearly completely isolated from the sea by land uplift (about 0.5 cm yr−1) before 1929 when a canal was built to the Bothnian Sea. The canal was enlarged in the 1950s and again in 1978, keeping Inre Verkviken brackish (5–6‰). Inre Verkviken is now (the 1990s) in a phase of periodic meromixis — for the second time in about 100 years — as it undergoes a second process of lake formation due to land uplift. Anoxic conditions often prevail below 10–12 m depth. The summer oxygen conditions are unpredictable as they depend on the spring mixing patterns, which again largely depend on the duration of ice cover, the meteorological conditions, and the timing and quantity of spring runoff.
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