Abstract
Background Period genes are important core clock genes, including PER1, PER2, and PER3. A number of studies have demonstrated that the abnormal expression of the PER gene family of clock genes is associated with the survival and prognosis of patients with cancer; however, the sample sizes included in the majority of these studies were small, and the reported results were inconsistent. This study was the first to collect the relevant publications to systematically evaluate the value of the expression of the PER gene family in the prediction of survival and prognosis of human tumors. Methods The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched systematically, and a meta-analysis was performed. Results A total of 12 eligible publications met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis, including 1,369 patients and 9 different types of cancer. The pooled hazard ratio for overall survival indicated that the overall survival of patients in the high PER1, PER2, and PER3 protein expression group was significantly higher than that in the low-expression group, respectively. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the result was stable and reliable. The association between PER1 and PER3 mRNA expression levels and cancer prognosis was not meta-analyzed as the number of experimental studies was <3. There was no significant association between the expression of PER2 mRNA and the overall survival of patients with cancer. Conclusion PER1, PER2, and PER3 protein expression levels can be used as novel potential biomarkers for predicting cancer prognosis.
Highlights
The circadian clock is an endogenous adaptive regulatory system formed by the long-term evolution of organisms to adapt to the living environment of the earth’s rotation [1]
The present study focused on the association between the expression of mRNA and protein in the PER gene family and overall survival (OS; OS was defined as the time from diagnosis to mortality from any cause)
The results revealed that the expression of the PER2 protein was significantly associated with OS (HR, 0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.42-0.71; p < 0:001) (Figure 2(b)); the high expression of the PER2 protein demonstrated an improved prognosis
Summary
The circadian clock is an endogenous adaptive regulatory system formed by the long-term evolution of organisms to adapt to the living environment of the earth’s rotation [1]. Abnormal expression of the PER genes has been demonstrated to be associated with the occurrence and development of cancer [9,10,11,12]. A number of studies have demonstrated that the abnormal expression of the PER gene family of clock genes is associated with the survival and prognosis of patients with cancer; the sample sizes included in the majority of these studies were small, and the reported results were inconsistent. This study was the first to collect the relevant publications to systematically evaluate the value of the expression of the PER gene family in the prediction of survival and prognosis of human tumors. The association between PER1 and PER3 mRNA expression levels and cancer prognosis was not meta-analyzed as the number of experimental studies was
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