Abstract
BackgroundHypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) increases adverse perinatal outcomes in women with the disorder. About 16% of all still births and 10% of early neonatal deaths are accounted by HDP. In Ethiopia, HDP complicates about 6% of all pregnancies. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes among women with HDP in Jimma Medical Center, southwest Ethiopia.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted on a total of 777 women who gave birth from June 2017 to March 2020 at Jimma Medical Center, southwest Ethiopia. Women with HDP and normotensive women who gave birth at or after 28 weeks of gestation were enrolled as exposed and unexposed respectively. Simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data were reviewed using structured data collection performa that was prepared after reviewing relevant literatures. Data were entered to Epi-Data then exported to STATA version 13 for analysis. The adverse perinatal outcomes risk were examined using log binomial and modified Poisson regression model with robust standard errors.ResultsIn this study, the overall incidence of adverse perinatal outcome was higher among women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) than normotensive women (64.1% versus 32.8%). After adjusting for confounders, women with HDP were at higher risk of babies with low birth weight (adjusted RR = 2.88 (2.2, 3.75)), preterm birth(aRR = 2.31(1.7, 3.14)), fifth minute low Apgar score (aRR = 2.6(1.53, 4.42)), admission to neonatal intensive care unit (aRR = 1.77(1.32, 2.37), stillbirth (aRR = 2.02(1.11, 3.01)), and perinatal mortality (aRR = 3.88(1.97, 7.66)) than normotensive women.ConclusionWomen with hypertensive disorder of pregnancy were at higher risk of adverse perinatal outcomes than normotensive women who gave birth at Jimma Medical Center, southwest Ethiopia. Therefore, health care providers should strengthen prevention, early diagnosis and prompt management of HDP in order to reduce adverse perinatal outcomes.
Highlights
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are multisystem diseases, which include chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia, and superimposed preeclampsia on chronic hypertension [1]
The overall incidence of adverse perinatal outcome was higher among women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) than normotensive women (64.1% versus 32.8%)
Women with hypertensive disorder of pregnancy were at higher risk of adverse perinatal outcomes than normotensive women who gave birth at Jimma Medical Center, southwest Ethiopia
Summary
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are multisystem diseases, which include chronic hypertension (preexisting), gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia, and superimposed preeclampsia on chronic hypertension [1]. Studies conducted in Ethiopia revealed a high burden of HDP which ranges from 2.23 to 18.25% [5,6,7]. HDP is associated with disturbed vascular manifestations, oxidative stress and endothelial damage. This affects placental function resulting in poorer perfusion and nutrient supplementation to the fetus that enhance adverse perinatal outcomes [9]. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) increases adverse perinatal outcomes in women with the disorder. The objective of this study was to determine the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes among women with HDP in Jimma Medical Center, southwest Ethiopia
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