Abstract
Background: High-fat diet (HFD) consumption induced gut dysbiosis, inflammation, obese-insulin resistance. Perilla seed oil (PSO) is a rich source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with health promotional effects. However, the effects of PSO on gut microbiota/inflammation and metabolic disturbance in HFD-induced obesity have not been investigated. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effects of different doses of PSO and metformin on gut microbiota/inflammation, and metabolic parameters in HFD-fed rats. Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats were fed either a normal diet or an HFD for 24 weeks. At week 13, HFD-fed rats received either 50, 100, and 500 mg/kg/day of PSO or 300 mg/kg/day metformin for 12 weeks. After 24 weeks, the metabolic parameters, gut microbiota, gut barrier, inflammation, and oxidative stress were determined. Results: HFD-fed rats showed gut dysbiosis, gut barrier disruption with inflammation, increased oxidative stress, metabolic endotoxemia, and insulin resistance. Treatment with PSO and metformin not only effectively attenuated gut dysbiosis, but also improved gut barrier integrity and decreased gut inflammation. PSO also decreased oxidative stress, metabolic endotoxemia, and insulin resistance in HFD-fed rats. Metformin had greater benefits than PSO. Conclusion: PSO and metformin had the beneficial effect on attenuating gut inflammation and metabolic disturbance in obese-insulin resistance.
Highlights
Obesity is considered a major public health issue worldwide that is closely associated with the development of several chronic complications, such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases [1]
Body weight and visceral fat weight were significantly more elevated in the High-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats treated with vehicle (HFV) than they were in the normal diet (ND)-fed rats treated with the vehicle (NDV) (Table 1)
A previous study showed that these changes damaged the mucosal intestinal barrier, which resulted in intestinal inflammation, systemic inflammation, and metabolic disturbances [39]
Summary
Obesity is considered a major public health issue worldwide that is closely associated with the development of several chronic complications, such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases [1]. Our previous studies have shown that rats with chronic HFD ingestion developed obesity and gut dysbiosis, gut inflammation, systemic inflammation, and metabolic disturbances, including insulin resistance and dyslipidemia [9,10]. High-fat diet (HFD) consumption induced gut dysbiosis, inflammation, obese-insulin resistance. The effects of PSO on gut microbiota/inflammation and metabolic disturbance in HFD-induced obesity have not been investigated. We aimed to compare the effects of different doses of PSO and metformin on gut microbiota/inflammation, and metabolic parameters in HFD-fed rats. Results: HFD-fed rats showed gut dysbiosis, gut barrier disruption with inflammation, increased oxidative stress, metabolic endotoxemia, and insulin resistance. PSO decreased oxidative stress, metabolic endotoxemia, and insulin resistance in HFD-fed rats. Conclusion: PSO and metformin had the beneficial effect on attenuating gut inflammation and metabolic disturbance in obese-insulin resistance
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