Abstract
Background: The conventional drill technique is the most commonly used for the implant site preparation of the desired diameter and length. Ultrasonic implant site preparation (UISP) can also be used to perform an implant site preparation of the desired dimensions. Methods: Implant sites were prepared in fresh bone ribs with two different implant site preparation techniques: implant surgical drills and piezoelectric tips. Samples were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for evaluating the peri-implant bone damage. Result: In the surgical drills group, the cortical bone surface showed several cracks and the bone vascular canals were hidden by a dense smear layer. Cancellous bone showed large irregularities and trabecular fractures. The piezoelectric group showed a clean and smooth cortical bone surface with opened bone vascular canals; the cancellous bone presented a regular morphology, and the trabecular spaces, clearly visible, were free of debris. Conclusions: Ultrasonic implant site preparation showed cleaner bone surfaces and lower bone trauma compared with the preparation using implant surgical drills.
Highlights
Research has improved many aspects of dental implant therapy: surgical planning, implant placement, fixture surface and macro-morphology, and prosthetic rehabilitation [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
The morphologic analysis showed differences between the implant sites prepared with a standard drill technique and Ultrasonic implant site preparation (UISP)
Mineralized bone fragments and bone marrow particles crushed by the cutting edges of the drilling bit were spread over the bone
Summary
Research has improved many aspects of dental implant therapy: surgical planning, implant placement, fixture surface and macro-morphology, and prosthetic rehabilitation [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. The surgical drill technique is the most common implant site preparation method. It uses a sequence of progressive cylindrical or conical drills to obtain a bone perforation of desired dimensions [8,9]. Some authors have reported that bone fragments and debris, produced during the implant site preparation, may promote osseointegration [14,15,16]. The piezoelectric group showed a clean and smooth cortical bone surface with opened bone vascular canals; the cancellous bone presented a regular morphology, and the trabecular spaces, clearly visible, were free of debris. Conclusions: Ultrasonic implant site preparation showed cleaner bone surfaces and lower bone trauma compared with the preparation using implant surgical drills
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