Abstract
BackgroundThis study sought to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of peri-operative diaphragm ultrasound in assessing post-operative residual curarization (PORC).MethodsPatients undergoing non-thoracic and non-abdominal surgery under general anaesthesia were enrolled from July 2019 to October 2019 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. A train-of-four ratio (TOFr) lower than 0.9 was considered as the gold standard for PORC. Diaphragm ultrasound parameters included diaphragmatic excursion (DE) and diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF) during quiet breathing (QB) and deep breathing (DB). The diaphragm excursion fraction (DEF) was calculated as the DE-QB divided by the DE-DB. The diaphragm excursion difference (DED) was defined as DE-DB minus DE-QB. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the cut-off values of ultrasound parameters for the prediction of PORC.ResultsIn total, 75 patients were included, with a PORC incidence of 54.6%. The DE-DB and DED were positively correlated with the TOFr, while the DEF was negatively correlated with the TOFr. The DE-DB cut-off value for predicting PORC was 3.88 cm, with a sensitivity of 85.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 70.1–93.9%), specificity of 64.7% (95% CI: 46.4–79.7%), positive likelihood ratio of 2.42 (95% CI 1.5–3.9), and negative likelihood ratio of 0.23 (95% CI: 0.1–0.5). The DED cut-off value was 1.5 cm, with a specificity of 94.2% (95% CI: 80.3–99.3%), sensitivity of 63.4% (95% CI: 46.9–77.9%), positive likelihood ratio of 10.78 (95% CI: 2.8–42.2), and negative likelihood ratio of 0.39 (95% CI: 0.3–0.6).ConclusionsPeri-operative diaphragm ultrasound may be an additional method aiding the recognition of PORC, with DED having high specificity.
Highlights
This study sought to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of peri-operative diaphragm ultrasound in assessing post-operative residual curarization (PORC)
Residual curarization at extubation was Accuracy of Diaphragm ultrasound (DUS) for the prediction of PORC diaphragmatic excursion (DE)-deep breathing (DB) (R = 0.539, P < 0.001), and diaphragm excursion difference (DED) (R = 0.669, P < 0.001) were positively correlated with train-of-four ratio (TOFr) at extubation in moderate degree, while a weak correlation was found between diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF)-DB and TOFr at extubation(R = 0.351, P = 0.045)
Our findings suggest that DE-DB and DTF-DB are significantly correlated with the TOFr
Summary
This study sought to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of peri-operative diaphragm ultrasound in assessing post-operative residual curarization (PORC). Post-operative residual curarization (PORC) remains an essential clinical challenge, with an incidence ranging from 7 to 88% [1]. Residual blockade leads to an increased risk of respiratory complications, including airway. Many Chinese hospitals cannot afford to equip neuromuscular monitors in every operating room due to limited medical funding. It is important to investigate new ways to detect PORC when neuromuscular monitoring equipment is inaccessible. DUS can be used as a substitute to predict diaphragm muscle strength, since direct measurement would be otherwise invasive and likely to incur severe complications
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