Abstract
The Indonesian nation, the majority of whose population is Muslim, has experienced serious problems as well as other Muslim countries regarding the relationship between Islam and the state, namely when it entered the gates of independence in 1945. Evidence that the position of Islam in society is still a problem is reflected, among others, in the debates of the Business Investigation Agency. the Preparation for Indonesian Independence (Dokuritsu Zyunbi Coosakai) in 1945; polemics in the early 1950s followed by heated debates at the Constituent Assembly from 1955 to 1959. And then the acceptance of Pancasila as the basis of any party, including Islamic parties, was one of the conditions for obtaining recognition from the government. For further discussion, this paper is compiled with the theme of the struggle of Islam and the state in post-independence Indonesia. The sub-discussion of this paper covers the situation and attitudes of the post-independence Indonesian state, and the situation and attitudes of Muslims towards the post-independence Indonesian state. What is meant by the post-independence period in Indonesia in this paper is categorized into three leadership periods, namely: 1) Old Order Period (5 July 1959 - 11 March 1966), 2) New Order Period (11 March 1966 - 19 October 1998), and 3) Reformation Order Period (19 October 1999 - present). Meanwhile, what is meant in this discussion includes Islamic socio-political ideas and movements represented by Muslim and intellectual figures. 
 
 Keywords: Islam and State Struggle, Indonesia, Post-Independence
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