Abstract
When people judge the laterality of rotated hand images, that is they perform the laterality judgement task (LJT), they are thought to use motor imagery. However, recent studies have suggested that its completion does not necessarily require the use of motor imagery. In this study, we investigated whether and how many people preferentially use motor imagery to perform the LJT in 37 healthy adults. We assessed the presence of behavioural features associated with motor imagery at the individual level, namely, the linear angle–response time (RT) relationship and the biomechanical constraints effect in the LJT and in the same-different judgement task (SDJT), in which people are not thought to use motor imagery. We found that at most 50% of participants showed both behavioural features in the palmar view condition of the LJT. Moreover, this proportion did not differ from that in the dorsal view condition of the LJT or that in both view conditions of the SDJT. These results demonstrate that a motor imagery–based strategy is not universally and specifically used to perform the LJT. Therefore, previous results of the LJT, in particular, regarding the biomechanical constraints effect, should be reinterpreted in light of our findings.
Highlights
When people judge the laterality of rotated hand images, that is they perform the laterality judgement task (LJT), they are thought to use motor imagery
It is currently thought that motor imagery is used in the palmar view condition of the LJT whereas visual imagery is used in the LJT dorsal view condition and in both palmar and dorsal view conditions of the same-different judgement task (SDJT), in which people judge whether the laterality of two hand images shown concurrently is the same[20,21]
In each stimulus condition of both tasks, simple regression analyses revealed that all slopes of regression lines between rotation angles of displayed hand images and response time (RT) were significantly positive, which indicates that RTs linearly increased from 0° to 180°
Summary
When people judge the laterality of rotated hand images, that is they perform the laterality judgement task (LJT), they are thought to use motor imagery. We assessed the presence of behavioural features associated with motor imagery at the individual level, namely, the linear angle–response time (RT) relationship and the biomechanical constraints effect in the LJT and in the same-different judgement task (SDJT), in which people are not thought to use motor imagery. It is currently thought that motor imagery is used in the palmar view condition (palm-side hand images are presented) of the LJT whereas visual imagery is used in the LJT dorsal view condition and in both palmar and dorsal view conditions of the same-different judgement task (SDJT), in which people judge whether the laterality of two hand images shown concurrently is the same[20,21] If this conventional view was true, the linear angle–RT relationship should be observable under all conditions, whereas the biomechanical constraints effect should be evident in only the palmar view condition of the LJT. We compared the numbers of participants showing both behavioural features between view conditions (dorsal vs. palmar view) and between tasks (LJT vs. SDJT)
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