Abstract
Human body models (HBMs) have the potential to provide significant insights into the pediatric response to impact. This study describes a scalable/posable approach to perform child accident reconstructions using the Position and Personalize Advanced Human Body Models for Injury Prediction (PIPER) scalable child HBM of different ages and in different positions obtained by the PIPER tool. Overall, the PIPER scalable child HBM managed reasonably well to predict the injury severity and location of the children involved in real-life crash scenarios documented in the medical records. The developed methodology and workflow is essential for future work to determine child injury tolerances based on the full Child Advanced Safety Project for European Roads (CASPER) accident reconstruction database. With the workflow presented in this study, the open-source PIPER scalable HBM combined with the PIPER tool is also foreseen to have implications for improved safety designs for a better protection of children in traffic accidents.
Highlights
The protection of children in motor vehicle crashes has improved thanks to the introduction of child restraint systems (CRSs)
The seatbelt in the physical accident reconstruction seemed to be looser than in the Human body models (HBMs) simulation, allowing the CRS and the child to move a longer distance in the X-axis
This study highlights the validity of the scalable/posable approach for real accident reconstructions and attests the feasibility to use the PIPER scalable HBM for determining child injury injury tolerances/risk curves based on accident reconstruction
Summary
The protection of children in motor vehicle crashes has improved thanks to the introduction of child restraint systems (CRSs). Children car occupants up to 14 years of age are involved in 32% of European road traffic fatalities [1] and car crashes remain the second leading cause of injury for children between 5 and 14 years old (y.o.) [2]. Q-dummies are in use or considered in regulation R129 and consumer testing (Euro NCAP, ADAC), which include a deformable spine and rib cage to allow realistic flexion, extension and lateral flexion rotational behavior. The biofidelity of Q-dummies has been questioned in several studies [3,4,5], especially their capability to provide detailed injury responses [3, 6]. Dummies are typically designed to match regulation requirements (R44, R129 in Europe) with performance targeting mostly at kinematics behaviors
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