Performance-Driven Surrogate Modeling of High-Frequency Structures

Abstract

The development of modern high-frequency structures, including microwave and antenna components, heavily relies on full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation models. Notwithstanding, EM-driven design entails considerable computational expenses. This is especially troublesome when solving tasks that require massive EM analyzes, parametric optimization and uncertainty quantification be-ing representative examples. The employment of fast replacement models, also referred to as surrogates, has been fostered as a way of mitigating these issues. Unfortunately, conventional modeling meth-ods are of limited applicability for handling nonlinear outputs of high-frequency devices. The reason is the curse of dimensionality but also a fundamental requirement that design-ready surrogates are to cover wide ranges of the system parameters and its operating con-ditions. This book offers a different methodological perspective on modeling of high-frequency structures, specifically, the concept and implementation of constrained or performance-driven surrogates. The presented approach addresses the issues of dimensionality and parameter ranges through appropriate confinement of the model do-main, focused on the regions that are promising from the point of view of the relevant design objectives. The performance-driven par-adigm enables the construction of reliable surrogates at a fraction of cost required by conventional methods, and to accomplish the mod-eling tasks where other techniques routinely fail. The book provides a broad selection of specific frameworks, extensively illustrated us-ing examples of real-world microwave and antenna structures. Ap-plications, including parametric optimization and multi-objective de-sign, are also discussed, along with the exposition of inverse model-ing methods. Furthermore, the book contains introductory material on data-driven and physics-based surrogates. Practical aspects of high-frequency surrogate modeling and recommendations concern-ing particular techniques are discussed as well.