Abstract
Abstract. The digital surface models (DSM) are the most popular products to determine visible surface of Earth which includes all non-terrain objects such as vegetation, forest, and man-made constructions. The airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is the preferred technique for high resolution DSM generation in local coverage. The automatic generation of the high resolution DSM is also possible with stereo image matching using the aerial images. The image matching algorithms usually rely on the feature based matching for DSM generation. First, feature points are extracted and then corresponding features are searched in the overlapping images. These image matching algorithms face with the problems in the areas which have repetitive pattern such as urban structure and forest. The recent innovation in camera technology and image matching algorithm enabled the automatic dense DSM generation for large scale city and environment modelling. The new pixel-wise matching approaches are generates very high resolution DSMs which corresponds to the ground sample distance (GSD) of the original images. The numbers of the research institutes and photogrammetric software vendors are currently developed software tools for dense DSM generation using the aerial images. This new approach can be used high resolution DSM generation for the larger cities, rural areas and forest even Nation-wide applications. In this study, the performance validation of high resolution DSM generated by pixel-wise dense image matching in part of Istanbul was aimed. The study area in Istanbul is including different land classes such as open areas, forest and built-up areas to test performance of dense image matching in different land classes. The obtained result from this performance validation in Istanbul test area showed that, high resolution DSM which corresponds to the ground sample distance (GSD) of original aerial image can be generated successfully by pixel-wise dense image matching using commercial and research institution’s software.
Highlights
The digital representation of the Earth surface in three dimensions (3D) has vital importance in wide range of applications such as urban planning and management, disaster monitoring, agriculture, forestry and hydrology
The very high resolution digital surface models (DSM) which corresponds to the ground sample distance (GSD) of the original images can be generated with new pixel-wise matching approaches (Haala, 2013)
High resolution DSMs were generated by pixelwise dense image matching using the German Aerospace Center (DLR) research institute software’s and Microsoft UltraMap V3.1 commercial software in the Istanbul test area including various land classes
Summary
The digital representation of the Earth surface in three dimensions (3D) has vital importance in wide range of applications such as urban planning and management, disaster monitoring, agriculture, forestry and hydrology. Feature points are extracted first and corresponding features are searched in the overlapping images with feature based matching for DSM generation (Haala, 2013). The very high resolution DSMs which corresponds to the ground sample distance (GSD) of the original images can be generated with new pixel-wise matching approaches (Haala, 2013). The performance validation of high resolution DSM generated by pixel-wise dense image matching in part of Istanbul is performed. SGM is the pixel-wise matching performed on image pairs using a Mutual Information (MI) based cost term for compensating radiometric differences (Hirschmüller and Tilman, 2010). The SGM approach fulfils our need of high DSM resolution with using the multi-core CPUs as well as the graphics processing units (GPU) to accelerate DSM production
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