Abstract
The point-by-point wire and arc additive manufacturing technology allows precisely depositing of high strength material. In combination with a robotic arm and sensing techniques during printing, it can be used as a novel efficient joining method for custom structural steel components. For accessibility to the parts to be joined, flexibility on the orientation of the printing tool is of high significance. In this contribution, the focus is set on the influence of different printing orientations on relevant properties of point-by-point wire and arc additively manufactured steel bars. Geometry scans show an irregular variation of the cross-section area along the length of the bars. The mechanical properties of the bars are determined from uniaxial tensile tests on as-printed specimens and on locally milled specimens. It is shown, that different printing orientations have an influence on the geometry of the bars, but only a negligible effect on their mechanical properties. The results of the uniaxial tensile tests indicate a good suitability of the additively manufactured steel bars for structural applications. Finite element simulations validate a proposed elastic-plastic material model, which allows predicting the structural behaviour of the point-by-point wire and arc additively manufactured steel bars produced with different printing orientations.
Highlights
Nowadays, digital design and fabrication are expanding the limits of architecture and structural engineering
Various methods ranging from 3D geometry scans to uniaxial tensile tests and finite element simulations were applied to characterize from different points of view the properties of the novel additively printed steel bars
The irregular surface geometry of the wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM)-bars with the asprinted finish is a significant characteristic of these novel steel components, which can have an important influence on the structural performance of such bars
Summary
Digital design and fabrication are expanding the limits of architecture and structural engineering. Additive manufacturing (AM) shows a large potential to produce high-performance structures by precisely controlling the placement of material only where it is required. High strength material can be precisely deposited with the technology of point-by-point wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) to produce custom structural components. By combining the degrees of freedom of a robotic arm and sensing techniques in the printing process, point-bypoint WAAM can be used to design on-demand parts to fit varying or uncertain building conditions. Pushing this concept further, in this research, WAAM/AM is used as a joining technique
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