Abstract
We report the results of the analyses of the cosmic ray data collected with a 4 tonne (3×1×1 m3) active mass (volume) Liquid Argon Time-Projection Chamber (TPC) operated in a dual-phase mode. We present a detailed study of the TPC's response, its main detector parameters and performance. The results are important for the understanding and further developments of the dual-phase technology, thanks to the verification of key aspects, such as the extraction of electrons from liquid to gas and their amplification through the entire one square metre readout plain, gain stability, purity and charge sharing between readout views.
Highlights
Performance study of a 3×1×1 m3 dual phase liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber exposed to cosmic rays
We show the settings and some properties of the analysed data-sets along with that of the detector Monte Carlo (MC) simulation tuned to match the effective gain and electron lifetime of Reference Run as well as the detector acceptance
At Geff =1.5, the efficiency begins to drop for certain track orientations but remains near 100% for the average polar angle of the minimal ionising particle (MIP) selected by the trigger (θ = 120◦)
Summary
The 3 × 1 × 1 m3 demonstrator detector is described in detail in ref. [10]. It consists of a 3 × 1 × 1 m3 liquid argon active volume, defined by a cathode at the bottom, a field cage, and the readout plane at the top. A charge amplification and anode readout stage is positioned in the gas phase a few millimetres above the liquid argon surface. Scintillation photons with wavelengths peaked at 128 nm are produced and detected by five PMTs placed in line at the bottom of the cryostat They can provide the trigger and the reference time for the event with an accuracy of a few nanoseconds [11]. The produced charge is free to drift in the ultra pure liquid argon up to the surface where it is extracted to the gas phase. The electron extraction, amplification, and collection are performed inside a 3 × 1 m2 structure called Charge Readout Plane (CRP). Once amplified inside the LEM holes, the charge is collected on a two-dimensional segmented anode which consists of a set of independent strips that provide the x and y coordinates of an event with a 3.125 mm pitch. Unit m2 mm m m (μs) ns μs MPixel ADC×tick/fC μs eV mm/μs mm/s MeV/cm % mm % K mbar cm−1
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