Performance Prediction of Solvent Enhanced Steam Flooding for Recovery of Thin Heavy Oil Reservoirs

Abstract

Abstract More than half of heavy oil reservoirs in Western Canada are less than 5m thick and SAGD is generally not thought to be economically viable for such kind of reservoirs due to lack of Potential Energy of Gravity and significant heat losses to the overburden. Solvent enhanced steam flooding (SESF), a kind of enhanced steam flooding by co-injecting solvent with steam, has shown to be promising in enhancing oil rates in thin reservoirs. In this paper, a semi-analytical model is established for predicting production performance of SESF. The model is mainly built based on Energy Conservation and Fick's Law to predict the steam front position as well as the solvent concentration profile in the reservoir. Besides, the blocking effects of steam condensate on solvent diffusion is modeled by introducing the oil-water two phase flow theory. Then, the model is divided into three parts corresponding to the three production stages of SESF, and they are semi-analytically solved successively. The proposed model is validated by comparing calculated oil production rate with the results of a numerical simulation method. The results indicate that the enhancement of oil production rate mainly happened in the early stage of the process which is achieved by the combining effects of heat and convection-enhanced mixing of solvent and heavy oil. On the basis of a sensitivity analysis for performance of SESF, it is realized that the operating thickness and solubility of a solvent are proportional to steam oil ratio reduction of SESF compared to conventional steam flooding. Besides, a relatively lower injection rate and a longer well spacing may result in higher thermal efficiency increment due to longer contacting time of solvent with crude oil. Piloting SESF in a field has many challenges, especially when considering its main economic factors: production increase and solvent cost. Therefore, it is anticipated that considering the dynamic mass transfer and blocking effect of accumulated condensate on solvent diffusion in SESF process, which are important mechanisms of SESF with inadequate understanding in literatures, the newly developed model will help to better predict and design the future SESF heavy oil recovery projects in thin pay zones.