Abstract
High-performance solution-processable ZnO thin films for use as electron-transporting layers (ETLs) of inverted-structured polymer solar cells (I-PSCs) are developed via a low-temperature annealing ( 20% higher power-conversion efficiency (PCE) than those employing the conventional L-ZnO films for a range of active materials including poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC60BM) and poly(thienothiophene-co-benzodithiophenes)7-F20 (PTB7-F20)/phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) blends. A PCE of 6.42% is achieved for the I-PSCs using the optimized L-ZnO films and PTB7-F20/PC71BM blends as the ETL and active materials, respectively. This study presents a universal method for optimizing sol–gel-driven ZnO-based ETLs, whilst the low-temperature processability and long-term stability of the developed ETLs are beneficial for the commercialization of I-PSCs.
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