Performance of Zero Water Discharge (ZWD) System with Nitrifying Bacteria and Microalgae Chaetoceros calcitrans Components in Super Intensive White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Culture

Suantika G Lumbantoruan G,Muhammad H Azizah Ffn

doi:10.4172/2155-9546.1000359

Abstract

This research was aimed to study the performance of Zero Water Discharge (ZWD) by using nitrifying bacteria and microalgae Chaetoceros calcitrans in super intensive white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture. The study consists of three consecutive steps: (1) activating and cultivating of nitrifying bacteria and microalgae C. calcitrans, (2) conditioning of zero water discharge system, and (3) using ZWD during shrimp culture along with control (a conventional system in which the water was renewed every four weeks and without the addition of nitrifying bacteria and C. calcitrans). Based on water quality parameters, low and stable NH4 + (0.07–0.69 mg/L), NO2 - (0–3.2 mg/L), NO3 - (1.04–4.29 mg/L) were obtained in both systems during culture period. Higher feed amount of 1178.28 g in ZWD system compared to the conventional one contributed to a same level of NH4+ and NO2 - level during 90 days culture period. At the end of the period, higher culture performance in terms of total weight (923.38 ± 42.15 g), mean body weight (8.24 ± 0.84 g), survival rate (90.82 ± 2.5%), specific growth rate (7.7 ± 0.11%) and feed conversion ratio (1.27 ± 0.29) was obtained in ZWD, while in control the figures were significantly different: total weight (160.48 ± 6.62 g), mean body weight (5.45 ± 0.28 g), survival rate (27.22 ± 2.09%), specific growth rate (7.24 ± 0.05%), and feed conversion ratio (4.10 ± 0.66). Based on this research, Zero Water Discharge system was able to maintain a stable and an acceptable water quality for shrimp culture. Furthermore, it resulted in better shrimp growth, higher survival rate, as well as lower FCR in high shrimp density.

Highlights

Crustaceans are sources of high quality protein and its production contributes significantly to the gross national product of Indonesian fishery sector
In Indonesia and other countries (Vietnam, India, Ecuador, China, Malaysia, Philippines) most shrimp farming are still cultured traditionally, using external outdoor earthen pond, with less attention paid on diseases and water quality control [4]
It can be seen that ammonium oxidizing bacteria was activated on day 5 of conditioning period

Summary

Introduction

Crustaceans are sources of high quality protein and its production contributes significantly to the gross national product of Indonesian fishery sector. National production of crustaceans in Indonesia reached up to 639,589 tonnes in 2013 with L. vannamei contributed about 60% of the total production (386,314 tonnes) [1]. Because of its significant contribution to the Indonesia’s economic growth, the increment of shrimp production has become a national policy and recently the production is targeted to reach around 700,000 tonnes. It is not surprising that the system cannot maintain an adequate water quality and might lead to disease outbreak. Later, this condition might contribute to unpredictable shrimp yield production [5]

Objectives

Methods

Results