Performance of urinary C-C motif chemokine ligand 14 and the renal resistive index in predicting persistent AKI

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Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of urinary C-C motif chemokine ligand 14 (CCL14) and the renal resistive index (RI) in predicting persistent AKI in unselected critically ill patients. Methods This prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary hospital’s general intensive care unit (ICU). Consecutive adults who were admitted to the ICU were enrolled, with a primary endpoint of AKI lasting 48 h or longer. Urinary CCL14 was evaluated upon inclusion, and the renal RI was determined within 12 h of ICU admission. The individual discriminative ability of urinary CCL14 and the renal RI to predict persistent AKI was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results Overall, 166 patients were included, of whom 56 had persistent AKI. Urinary CCL14 showed good ability to predict persistent AKI, with an AUC of 0.817. However, the overall performance of the renal RI was fair, with an AUC of 0.739. Forty-nine patients presented with mild AKI at inclusion, and the values of CCL14 were significantly lower than those of patients with moderate or severe AKI (0.205 [0.125–0.300] vs. 0.302 [0.157–0.501]; p = 0.034). In the subgroup analysis, although the diagnostic performance of CCL14 was excellent in patients with moderate or severe AKI, it was fair in patients with mild AKI [AUC = 0. 738; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.593–0.853]. Conclusion Urinary CCL14 was an excellent predictor of persistent AKI in patients with moderate or severe AKI, but its performance was not good in patients with mild AKI. The renal RI cannot discriminate between transient and persistent AKI.