Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the dose of Nitrogen and plant spacing of BRSMG Caravera, a modern rice cultivar, in order to maximize grain yield and increase rice production in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The following characteristics were evaluated: grain yield (GY), percentage of filled grains (% F), 100 grains weight (100 GW) and plant height (H). It was used a 4 × 4 factorial design, with four row spacings (20, 30, 40 and 50 cm) and four nitrogen rates (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1) totaling 16 treatments. The phenotypes were analyzed through the Scott-Knott mean test together with an analysis for significant interactions to identify the spacing and the N rates associated with the best trait averages. Differences in plant spacing were associated with significant differences in GY, % F and H, whereas different N rates were associated with significant differences of GY and H. When considering the interaction between plant spacing and N rates, significant differences could be identified for all traits, indicating that these factors should be considered together. The highest grain yield was achieved with spacing of 20 cm and N rate of 120 kg ha-1. The use of modern cultivars, the adequate spacing and N dose can significantly increase grain yield and competitiveness of upland rice cultivation, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Highlights
During the 80's, upland rice accounted for up to 61% the planted area in Brazil and for 50% this type of production in Minas Gerais, Brazil (Minas Gerais, 1995)
Cultural practices and weed control were performed according to climate conditions, the cultivation treatments used in the experiments were the same as those recommended for upland rice cultivation in the state
When considering plant spacing and nitrogen rate separately, the spacing variable was significantly associated with yield and plant height whereas the nitrogen rate variable was significantly associated with all the traits apart from 100 grains weight
Summary
During the 80's, upland rice accounted for up to 61% the planted area in Brazil and for 50% this type of production in Minas Gerais, Brazil (Minas Gerais, 1995). The main obstacle to growing rice under center pivot is the lack of cultivars adapted to sprinkler irrigation, because the most common cultivars are of high size, vulnerable to lodging, long class grains, have regular cooking quality and low response to high technology, notably to nitrogen fertilization. In order to solve this problem, modern cultivars suitable to this cultivation system such as Canastra, Charisma, BRSMG Curinga and BRSMG Caravera cultivars were developed and recommended to production in the state of Minas Gerais. These cultivars have low/intermediate-sized, resistance to lodging, tillers, have upright leaves, white type grains and have expressively good response to nitrogen fertilization. According to Sant'Ana (1989), the spacing for these cultivars can be reduced to that used for traditional dryland crops
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