Abstract
In this work, Titanium Dioxide (TiO<SUB>2</SUB>) thin films were prepared by spray pyrolysis and thermally annealed at 400â. The films were characterized as deposited (no annealing) as well as after annealing. Optical studies showed that the energy band gap of the films was lowered from 3.25 eV to 2.90 eV on Nitrogen (N<SUB>2</SUB>) doping. The reduction in energy band gap was attributed to the introduction of N<SUB>2</SUB> impurity states on the bands (conduction band and or valence band). The effect of N<SUB>2</SUB> doping of Titanium Dioxide window layer on the efficiency of the ETA TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/In(OH)<SUB>i</SUB>S<SUB>j</SUB>/Pb(OH)<SUB>x</SUB>S<SUB>y</SUB> solar cell was investigated using a conventional current-voltage (I-V) technique. The photovoltaic conversion efficiency (<i>η</i>) increased from 1.06% for the solar cell with undoped films to 1.32% for the solar cell with N<SUB>2</SUB>-doped films. The increase in photovoltaic conversion efficiency on doping was attributed to increased light absorption due to the Nitrogen doping.
Highlights
Meeting human energy requirements has been an elusive tas k even after the discovery of the immense energy from the atom when the phrase “too cheap to meter” was coined[1] and the energy cost has been soaring each passing day
A porous TiO2 deposited by spray pyrolysis was used as a window layer in the fabrication of TiO2/In(OH)iSj/Pb(OH)xSy/PEDOT:PSS Ext remely Th in Abso rber (ETA) solar cell and it was observed that the highly porous TiO2 ensured increased absorption of incident rad iation through s catterin g [4]
Nitrogen-doped and undoped TiO2 thin films were coated with Indiu m Hydro xy Su lphide buffer layer by chemical bath deposition (CBD) in a solution prepared using commercially obtained reagents from Sig ma A ldrich Ltd and prepared as follows: 20000 ± 1μl of d istilled water was mixed with 1250 ± 1μl of 0.005M of Hydrochloric acid (HCL) which was mixed with 1250 ± 1μl of 0.005M Indiu m (III) Chloride (In2Cl3) and 2500 ± 1μl of 0.1M Thioacetamide (CH3CSNH2)
Summary
Meeting human energy requirements has been an elusive tas k even after the discovery of the immense energy from the atom when the phrase “too cheap to meter” was coined[1] and the energy cost has been soaring each passing day. The init ial cost of installat ion for solar energy systems is high just as for other energy sources but due to low maintenance costs, it guarantees free energy after a short payback period. A porous TiO2 deposited by spray pyrolysis was used as a window layer in the fabrication of TiO2/In(OH)iSj/Pb(OH)xSy/PEDOT:PSS ETA solar cell and it was observed that the highly porous TiO2 ensured increased absorption of incident rad iation through s catterin g [4]. Th is work investigates the performance of an all-solid state ETA solar cell with TiO2 thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis followed by N2 doping, that is, N:TiO2/In(OH)iSj/Pb(OH)xSy solar cell. Ayieko et al.: Performance of TiO2/In(OH)iSj/Pb(OH)xSy Composite ETA Solar Cell Fabricated from Nitrogen Doped TiO2Thin Film Window Layer
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