Abstract
The Toddler and Infant (TANDI) dimensions of Health-Related Quality of Life assess ‘age appropriate’ behaviour and measurement could be extended to older children. A sample of 203 children 3–4 years of age was recruited, and their caregivers completed the TANDI, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) and EQ-5D-Y Proxy. Spearman and Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and Kruskal–Wallis H-test were used to explore the feasibility, known-group validity, discriminate validity and concurrent validity of the TANDI. Children with a health condition (n = 142) had a lower ceiling effect (p = 0.010) and more unique health profiles (p < 0.001) than the healthy group (n = 61). The TANDI discriminated between those with and without a health condition. In children with a health condition, the TANDI discriminated between clinician rated severity of the health condition. The TANDI had moderate to strong correlations with similar PedsQL and EQ-5D-Y items and scores. The TANDI is valid for children aged 3–4 years and is recommended for children with a health condition, whereas the PedsQL may be better for healthy children. The TANDI is recommended for studies with young children whereas the EQ-5D-Y Proxy is recommended for a sample including older children or for longitudinal studies with preschoolers. Further work on the TANDI is recommended to establish test-retest reliability and responsiveness.
Highlights
The global burden of disease reports a great vulnerability in children under five years of age [1]
Based on the above results, the Toddler and Infant (TANDI) is a valid instrument for measuring Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in children aged 3–4 years with and without a health condition
The TANDI and EQ-5D-Y Proxy are recommended for children with a health condition especially if problems with pain or eating are anticipated
Summary
The global burden of disease reports a great vulnerability in children under five years of age [1]. There are many generic measures available to measure HRQoL in children younger than five years [6,9,10]. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) is one of the more commonly used generic health instruments which has versions available across childhood [6,9,10]. It was developed from the World Health Organisation core health dimensions to be used across the paediatric population [11,12,13]. One of the limitations of the PedsQL and other generic measures is that currently they do not have any societal preference-based scores for economic evaluations
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