Performance of the correlation relationships of structural changes in the brain during pneumonia in infants

Abstract

Introduction. Pneumonia remains an acute problem not only in pulmonology, but also in pediatrics in general. The prognosis of neonatal pneumonia depends on the perinatal period course. In this case, the predictor of risk is the state of the brain, the main organ that regulates the whole organism’s work. The most available method for brain condition’ assessing in children of the first year of life is neurosonography. The ability of the brain to restore impaired functions is very high during infancy. Early diagnosis and treatment of the correlation relationships’ violations of brain structures in pneumonia of newborns will help prevent an unfavorable outcome of the disease.Aim. Тo study the features of the correlation relationships of structural changes of the brain in pneumonia in infants.Materials and methods. Neurosonographic study was carried out at 57 children: with pneumonia without concomitant diseases (17 children – group 1), against the background of: perinatal lesions of the nervous system (group 17 – 2), jaundice (group 16 – 3), congenital heart defects (group 7 – 4) with SonoScape 1000 apparatus. Neurosonography and echocardiography were performed with a sector transducer with a frequency of 7.5 MHz. All 377 correlations were assessed for 25 studied parameters.Results. The study of correlations revealed the predominant participation of the sections of the right lateral ventricle and the flow system of the brain. The severity of synchronous functional activity (the number of correlations) characterizes the degree of functional tension, stress reaction of the studied structural part and has a relatively greater risk of depletion and, as a consequence, a greater likelihood of destructuring. In the process of adaptation and the formation of compensatory mechanisms, the predominant functional load falls on the right parts of the brain (right lateral ventricle).Conclusions. The most pronounced changes in brain structures during neurosonography were found in infants with pneumonia, which developed against the background of neonatal jaundice and congenital heart defects. In all groups of patients with neonatal pneumonia, correlations were found between the parameters of the structure and flow system of the brain, laboratory parameters indicating the tension of the compensatory mechanisms of organs and systems. The revealed changes characterized the developing of the hydrocephalus in the absence of pathognomonic clinical and neurological symptoms in patients.