Performance of single versus two operators in laparoscopic surgery

Abstract

AimTo examine the significance of team collaboration in the context of complex laparoscopic surgery, laparoscopic tasks performed by single operators are compared against that of dyad teams. MethodsThe laparoscopic tasks require subjects to reach, grasp and transport a ring through a rollercoaster obstacle using a pair of laparoscopic graspers. The task was performed either bimanually (using both hands) or unimanually (using their preferred hands) in a dyad team. ResultsTwelve participants completed all the tasks. The dyad teams recorded significantly greater number of anticipatory movements than individuals who performed the task bimanually (p < 0.05). However, there is no significant difference in the task completion time (p = 0.701) and the number of errors (p = 0.860) recorded between the dyad and the bimanual group. ConclusionCompared to a single operator, dyad operators performed the task with greater number of anticipatory movements. The increased movement synchronization can help benefit surgical education and team training.