Abstract
Cross-flow ultrafiltration (UF) membrane with two different configurations; single (10 kDa and 5 kDa) and two-stage (10/5 kDa) in fractionating microalgae protein hydrolysate (MPH) were studied to obtain a low molecular weight of peptide. The effect of flow rate, trans-membrane pressure (TMP), and pH in fractionating MPH were evaluated based on permeate flux and peptide transmission. The results showed that, for single UF membrane, optimum operating parameters were at a flow rate of 23 mL/min, TMP of 1.5 bar, and pH of 9, with permeate flux of 43.65 L/m2 h (10 kDa) and 55.42 L/m2 h (5 kDa) and peptide transmission of 58.20% (10 kDa) and 67.34% (5 kDa). Meanwhile, for two-stage (10/5 kDa) UF membrane, the best parameters were observed at a flow rate of 23 mL/min, TMP of 1.5 bar, and pH of 2, with permeate flux of 69.85 L/m2 h and peptide transmission of 79.13%. Fractionation of MPH with two-stage UF membrane was observed to be better at producing a low molecular weight of peptide compared to single UF membrane. In conclusion, it was possible to produce permeate flux with a high amount of low molecular weight of peptide by controlling the operating parameters with the suitable configuration membrane.
Highlights
Microalgae is a photosynthetic marine organism and is known as an alternative feedstock, which does not compete for arable land or potable water [1,2,3]
The performance of the cross-flow ultrafiltration membrane was influenced by the membrane configuration and operating parameters: flow rate, trans-membrane pressure, and pH
The best operating parameters in the fractionation of microalgae protein hydrolysate were found at a flow rate of 23 mL/min, a trans-membrane pressure of
Summary
Microalgae is a photosynthetic marine organism and is known as an alternative feedstock, which does not compete for arable land or potable water [1,2,3]. Microalgae is rich in numerous chemical compounds such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, carotenoids, vitamins, and mineral salts, which may be used in various biological activities for health benefits [4,5,6]. Such compounds can present anti-oxidant, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-algal, anti-enzymatic, or antibiotic actions [7]. Microalgae protein hydrolysate (MPH) still contains peptides of various sizes (low and high molecular weight) in a large number of hydrolyzed protein fractions [11]. The fouling phenomena could be due to concentration polarization or membrane pore blocking
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