Performance of Silica Fume-Based Geopolymer Grouts for Heritage Masonry Consolidation

Luis G Baltazar

doi:10.3390/cryst12020288

Abstract

Despite the increasing number of studies on geopolymer-based materials, a lack of information still prevails concerning the use of geopolymer materials for the consolidation and conservation of the built heritage. Since the introduction of the term “geopolymer” by Davidovits, several studies have pointed out geopolymers as a potential replacement for traditional binders, mainly due to their advantages associated with mechanical properties and low carbon dioxide emissions. The geopolymers (also known as alkali-activated materials or inorganic polymers) are obtained by a chemical process through which precursors rich in silica and alumina interact with an alkaline medium to result in a material with binding properties. The aim of this study is to exploit the potential of geopolymer-based grouts in the consolidation of stone masonry buildings. Grouting or grout injection is a technique used for the consolidation of heritage masonry buildings; it consists of the introduction of a binding agent to fill the internal voids and cracks. An experimental program was carried out to improve knowledge of geopolymer grouts suitable for consolidation purposes. The experimental findings revealed that the silica-fume-based geopolymer grout has a worse performance from a rheological point of view, whereas it showed promising results in terms of mechanical strength when compared to traditional hydraulic-lime-based grout.

Highlights

Traditional binder materials such as Portland cement and lime are among those with the greatest environmental impact because they represent approximately 2.6 billion tons per year of greenhouse emissions and contribute to significant consumption of natural resources [1,2]
It is well established that the spread diameter and flow time evolution are critical rheological parameters in the grout injection, as the grout needs to flow in the masonry channels and cracks until it reaches the voids in the masonry core [18]
From a rheological point of view, geopolymer grouts have poor performance compared to the reference natural hydraulic lime (NHL)-based grout

Summary

Introduction

Traditional binder materials such as Portland cement and lime are among those with the greatest environmental impact because they represent approximately 2.6 billion tons per year of greenhouse emissions and contribute to significant consumption of natural resources [1,2]. There are other variables that influence the geopolymerization process and, the performance of geopolymers, such as type of curing, curing temperature, surface area of solid materials, type of materials containing aluminosilicate, electrostatic forces, and curing time, among others [11,12,13] This inorganic binder can be considered as an alternative material for conservation of the built heritage considering its durability, mechanical strength, and aesthetic compatibility with the heritage materials, which is seen as another advantage [14,15]

Objectives

Results

Conclusion