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Abstract
Abstract It has been widely known that integrating and adopting sustainable agricultural practices can restore and maintain the health of degraded agricultural land and adapt to climate change. Azolla pinnata and Sesbania rostrata are local potential plants in paddy fields that can be used as green manures. Two paddy varieties were planted. The experiment was conducted as factorial randomized block design, consisting of green manure types (p1 = goat manure 10 t/ha, p2 = goat manure 10 t/ha + Azolla 10 t/ha, p3 = goat manure 10 t/ha + Sesbania 2 t/h, and p4 = goat manure 10 t/ha + Azolla 5 t/ha + Sesbania 1 t/ha) and rice varieties (v1 = Bangir and v2 = Inpari 41). The results indicated that the use of green manure has increased the nitrogen and organic carbon contents in the soil from 0.10% and 0.82% to more than 0.20% and 2.0%, respectively. Inpari 41 variety produced higher grain yield (4.92 t/ha) compared to Bangir variety (3.48 t/ha). These findings indicate that the suitable green manure combined with paddy varieties can improve the resilience of soil health and paddy productivity.
Highlights
Soil health and fertility decline significantly due to intensive use of inorganic and agrochemical fertilizers (Souri 2016; Ge et al 2018)
A large proportion of agricultural lands in Indonesia are at risk of degradation leading to great negative impacts on food production, rice production, with severe consequences for food security sustainability (Cho 2018)
The organic C of soil increased from 0.82% to more than 2% at p1, p2, and p4 treatments, which indicates an increase in soil health
Summary
Soil health and fertility decline significantly due to intensive use of inorganic and agrochemical fertilizers (Souri 2016; Ge et al 2018). A large proportion of agricultural lands in Indonesia are at risk of degradation leading to great negative impacts on food production, rice production, with severe consequences for food security sustainability (Cho 2018). Maintaining soil health and restoring degraded agricultural land are the major strategies that need to be adapted. Sustainable agricultural practices are solutions for the preservation of soil, plant, animal, and water resources, by protecting the environment and by following the feasible and economically beneficial as well as socially acceptable procedures. With these traits, sustainable agriculture has a high climate change mitigation and adaptation potential
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