Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the clinical performance of three preventive materials on the occlusal surfaces of primary molars over a 36-month period. Material and Methods: The study was conducted with a split-mouth design involving four experimental groups: G1 – resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Vitremer ® ); G2 - resin sealant (Alpha Seal Light ® ); G3 - silver diamine fluoride (Cariostatic ® ); and G4 - control group without material. Thirty-two children aged 36 to 60 months, attending a pediatric clinic, with a deft index ≥ 1 and four primary second molars participated in the study. The material retention was evaluated in G1 and G2, and the presence of incipient caries was evaluated in all groups. Data were submitted to the Wilcoxon test and survival test (α = 5%). Results: At three, six, 12, 24 and 36 months, G2 exhibited greater material loss (maximum loss: 44%) in comparison to G1 (maximum loss: 35%), but this difference did not achieve statistical significance (p = 0.214). The highest incidence of incipient caries occurred in G3 (20%), but no significant differences were found between groups at any evaluation time (p = 0.154). Conclusion: There were no statistically significant differences between the evaluated products regarding material retention and dental caries, although there was more material loss in teeth that received the Alpha Seal ® sealant resin, and a greater number of carious lesions in the Cariostatic® group (silver diamine fluoride).
Highlights
The reduction in the incidence of dental caries among the young population in recent years is not related to changes in eating habits or frequency of sugar intake, but to improved oral hygiene [1], daily dose of fluoride and sealing of occlusal tooth surfaces [2,3]
Material and Methods: The study was conducted with a split-mouth design involving four experimental groups: G1 – resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Vitremer®); G2 - resin sealant (Alpha Seal Light®); G3 - silver diamine fluoride (Cariostatic®); and G4 - control group without material
The material retention was evaluated in G1 and G2, and the presence of incipient caries was evaluated in all groups
Summary
The reduction in the incidence of dental caries among the young population in recent years is not related to changes in eating habits or frequency of sugar intake, but to improved oral hygiene [1], daily dose of fluoride and sealing of occlusal tooth surfaces [2,3]. Some authors reported that primary molars account for approximately 60% of caries experience in children aged two to three years, and the occlusal surfaces are the most affected structures in this process [3]. Occlusal surfaces are highly susceptible to the development of dental caries due to their specific anatomical shape, which includes grooves and pits that facilitate the accumulation of food remnants and provide a favorable niche for caries. This situation is further aggravated by the difficulty to brush this region, due to the poor motor skills found in children [6]
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