Abstract
Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) obtained through TEMPO treatment of pulp was synergized with graphene (GE) nanoparticles to obtain NFC-GE suspension. This was incorporated into aqueous solution of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), as hybrid filler to produce PVA-NFC-GE nanocomposites at fixed wt% NFC and varying wt% GE. Results showed that the reinforcing hybrid filler was more effective at lower wt% GE loading. Specifically, the tensile strength and storage modulus of PVA was raised by 66% and 15% respectively after the incorporation of 1 wt% GE into the PVA-NFC system. On the other hand, higher GE wt% loading offered significant enhancement in water resistance and thermal stability. However, the calculated adhesion factor revealed that the PVA-NFC interfacial interaction was increasingly disrupted as the GE content increased. Generally, at the optimum wt% GE, the nanocomposite produced has great potential for use in applications where good thermomechanical and water resistance properties are desired.
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