Abstract
Membrane technology has the potential to be an eco-friendly and energy-saving solution for the separation of CO2 from different gaseous streams due to the lower cost and the superior manufacturing features. However, the performances of membranes made of conventional polymers are limited by the trade-off between the permeability and selectivity. Improving the membrane performance through the addition of nanofillers within the polymer matrix offers a promising strategy to achieve superior separation performance. This review aims at providing a complete overview of the recent advances in nanocomposite membranes for enhanced CO2 separation. Nanofillers of various dimensions and properties are categorized and effects of nature and morphology of the 0D to 2D nanofillers in the corresponding nanocomposite membranes of different polymeric matrixes are discussed with regard to the CO2 permeation properties. Moreover, a comprehensive summary of the performance data of various nanocomposite membranes is presented. Finally, the advantages and challenges of various nanocomposite membranes are discussed and the future research and development opportunities are proposed.
Highlights
The continuous increase of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere engenders an urgent call for reducing CO2 emissions, with the highest contribution coming from the industrial sector [1]
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have a strong affinity with CO2 and it has been reported that they can have a double adsorption capacity compared to activated carbon, even though the increase in surface area is limited to 25% [67]
Small amounts (
Summary
The continuous increase of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere engenders an urgent call for reducing CO2 emissions, with the highest contribution coming from the industrial sector [1]. The following strategies are typically adopted to overcome the trade-off between permeability and selectivity: (i) development of materials with high free volume and high selective features (e.g., thermally rearranged-polymer and polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) [8]); (ii) introduction of reactive carriers to provide facilitated transport; (iii) addition of fillers to improve the gas transport by enhancing the solubility or diffusivity of gases in membranes The latter strategy, known as “hybrid membranes”, has been demonstrated to be a successful approach, as it allows to exploit the transport properties of phases with different nature [9,10].
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