Performance of Modern Passive Stack Ventilation in a Retrofitted Nordic Apartment Building

Ilia Kravchenko,Risto Kosonen,Simo Kilpeläinen,Juha Jokisalo

doi:10.3390/buildings12020096

Ilia Kravchenko, Risto Kosonen + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020096

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Abstract

The paper analyses the performance of a five-storey apartment building equipped with modern passive stack ventilation in Nordic conditions. The passive stack ventilation system was retrofitted in 2019, and novel self-regulating air inlet devices with filters were equipped. The building was simulated with IDA ICE software, where the model of the self-regulating terminal units was developed using manufacturer product data. Several case scenarios were created to analyze the effects of poor maintenance, improved airtightness, and window opening on the system performance. For the analysis, one-room and three-room apartments on the second and fifth floors have been chosen. The CO2 concentration and indoor air temperature were analyzed and compared with EN 16798-1 standard guidelines. The results show a significant effect of poor maintenance and possibility to open windows on the CO2 concentration. The results also show a trend for the one-room apartments to overheat despite having a higher air change rate than the three-room apartments. The three-room apartments tolerate over-heating, although they are much more sensitive to poor maintenance. Furthermore, the apartments on the fifth floor are even more sensitive to poor maintenance, and three-room apartments there showed warning levels of CO2. Improving the envelope airtightness does not benefit the IAQ of the apartments.

Highlights

The general function of the building ventilation system is to provide occupants with enough fresh air while maintaining high energy efficiency
They are presented in such documents as Energy performance of buildings directive with levels of Energy performance Certification, EN 16798-1 standard in general, and EN 15214 in specific for the IAQ [3,4,5]
The apartment overheating was assessed based on the indoor air temperature results

Summary

Introduction

The general function of the building ventilation system is to provide occupants with enough fresh air while maintaining high energy efficiency. In the European Union (EU), most countries have their national building codes and normative documentation for the building design, which are binding [2]. The preferable indoor air quality and airflow rates are presented in the EU directives, binding for EU countries and standards. They are presented in such documents as Energy performance of buildings directive with levels of Energy performance Certification, EN 16798-1 standard in general, and EN 15214 in specific for the IAQ (indoor air quality) [3,4,5]. In Finland, the building stock ventilation construction and design requirements are provided by the Ministry of Environment [3,6,7]. The documents consider new and retrofitted buildings separately as buildings of different ages present the stock [8]

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