Abstract
Recent wireless communication network which is Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) bring a huge potential in monitoring system as the integration between sensors application and LPWAN technology itself contribute to greater efficiency, higher productivity, and better quality of life in multiform sectors such as in healthcare, smart city application, and monitoring system. The project involves the implementation of Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) while delving into performances of the LoRa Technologies in the development of the environmental monitoring system in Bidong Island located in state of Terengganu, Malaysia. An Arduino Uno microcontroller stacked with LoRa module shield via SPI connection and in conjunction with few sensors work as end device to capture the environment data and send it to the gateway over the long range at a very low-data-rate with low power consumption for remote monitoring system. In this paper, we identify the best spreading factors that works well in the island region by manipulating all the spreading factor from SF6 to SF12. The result shows SF11 provides the best packet delivery ratio and the most stable Receive Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) compared to other SFs. Moreover, we evaluate the external factors which caused the packet loss data and provide ways to improve the signal quality and to achieve optimal results for signal transmission and communication performance.
Highlights
Radio communication with wireless network becomes one of the most life-changing technology trends for these past few decades and it keeps growing with ubiquitous connectivity in every field as everything is interconnected
These networks cannot be operated without the main power and are difficult to be deployed in remote and underground areas due to high cost in installation and maintenance. Several issues such as low coverage range, low robustness against network interference and jamming are parts of challenges identified that do not meet some application requirement [2][3][4]. Notwithstanding these limitations, researchers come with a new invention of Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) triggered from Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication idea to create a communication of information transmission without human intervention
The project highlighted the implication of antenna settings as its effect on the signal transmission and explained the significance of selection in LoRa physical layer settings
Summary
Radio communication with wireless network becomes one of the most life-changing technology trends for these past few decades and it keeps growing with ubiquitous connectivity in every field as everything is interconnected. The end device transmits the data directly to the gateway resulting in minimal power usage as the end device does not require to listen to the other devices to pass the information These mechanisms permit the battery to live longer more than 10 years of operation and make it possible to cut down the cost while using an AA and a coin cell batteries for some certain applications [8]. LPWAN offers wide range transmission up to 50km and able to cover large areas with a single base station while supporting multiple numbers of connected devices [9] This is because LPWAN signal propagates in unlicensed sub-1 GHz radio frequency band and adopted unique modulation technique. Increasing the maximum link budget up to 157 dB and lowering the energy consumption by reducing the transmit power [21]
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