Abstract
The capability of ICP-MS in determining trace and ultra-trace elements at their natural concentrations in stream and lake waters is evaluated. The need to preconcentrate trace elements such as the first-row transition elements and REEs is demonstrated and figures of merit given for the chelation method employing the iminodiacetate resin, MetPac CC-1. For example, chelaton results in method detection limits of 0.1–1 ng l–1 for Cd, U and REEs, and improves precision of their measurement 2–5 fold at low ng ml–1 levels. Long-term quality control data for in-house and international standard water samples (SLRS-2, SLEW-1, CASS-2, NASS-3 and 1643C) are presented for both direct and chelation ICP-MS. Detection limits of 2–3 ng l–1 are achieved for Bi, Sb, Se and Te by HG-ICP-MS and field duplicate data show precision generally of the order of 10–20% RSD at levels below 100 ng l–1. Considerations with respect to filtration and preservation protocols for hydrogeochemical surveys are discussed. Field and laboratory (i.e., analytical) duplicate data indicate good precision for trace and ultra-trace elements, averaging 13% RSD across all the elements determined.
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