Abstract
The current global situation regarding climate change makes it necessary to promote the circular economy and the use of more environmentally friendly technologies in the construction sector. To that end, it is of interest to deepen our understanding of the performance of half-warm mix asphalt (HWMA) manufactured with high proportions of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). Thus, in the present study, a laboratory analysis was carried out in which the behavior of HWMA manufactured with 100% RAP and without rejuvenators was compared with that of a control mix, i.e., an HWMA manufactured with 0% RAP. In particular, we analyzed the compaction energy with a gyratory compactor, mixing time and temperature, volumetric properties, moisture damage resistance through indirect tensile tests after immersion (ITS), stiffness based on the resilient modulus, resistance to permanent deformation using wheel tracking tests, and fatigue resistance through indirect tensile fatigue tests (ITFT). Both mixtures displayed adequate volumetric and mechanical properties, but the performance of the high-RAP HWMA was better than that of the control mixture in terms of resistance to permanent deformation in hot areas. In addition, the high-RAP HWMA without rejuvenators could provide energy and material savings, thus promoting sustainable development.
Highlights
The German Bitumen Forum was created in 1997 in Europe, with the aim of clarifying the possible hazards of bitumen and solving specific health and safety problems faced by asphalt workers [1]
For the high-reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) half-warm mix asphalt (HWMA), the bitumen emulsion temperature was 20 ◦C lower than that of the control mixture. This is probably due to the bitumen attached to the RAP, which reduces the roughness of the aggregate, facilitating the coating process
For the high-RAP HWMA, a number of turns lower than that of the control mixture was selected (65 vs. 150). This is attributed to the bitumen attached to the RAP, which reduces the friction within the aggregates, facilitating their compaction
Summary
The German Bitumen Forum was created in 1997 in Europe, with the aim of clarifying the possible hazards of bitumen and solving specific health and safety problems faced by asphalt workers [1]. The incorporation of RAP into HWMA or WMA can provide the sum of the positive effects of both techniques (improved working conditions, energy and cost savings, reduction of emissions, and lower consumption of fuel, bitumen, and aggregates and their associated production impacts), it can lead to positive synergistic effects. In this sense, some authors have emphasized that the incorporation of RAP into this type of mixture can help decrease water sensitivity, resistance to permanent deformation, and asphalt aging [7]. A laboratory analysis was carried out in which the behavior of HWMA manufactured with 100% RAP and without rejuvenators was compared with a control mix, i.e., HWMA manufactured with 0% RAP
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