Abstract
Waste foundry sand (WFS) is the by-product of the foundry industry. Utilizing it in the construction industry will protect the environment and its natural resources, and enable sustainable construction. WFS was employed in this research as a fractional substitution of natural sand by 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% in concrete. Several tests, including workability, compressive strength (CS), splitting tensile strength (STS), and flexural strength (FS), ultrasonic pulse velocity (USPV), Schmidt rebound hammer number (RHN), and residual compressive strengths (RCS) tests were performed to understand the behavior of concrete before and after exposure to elevated temperatures. Test findings showed that the strength characteristics were increased by including WFS at all the phases. For a substitute rate of 30%, the maximum compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength were observed. Replacement with WFS enhanced the 28-day compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength by 7.82%, 9.87%, and 10.35%, respectively at a 30% replacement level, and showed continuous improvement until the age of 91 days. The RCS of foundry sand concrete after one month of air cooling at ambient temperature after exposing to 300 °C, 400 °C, 500 °C, 600 °C, 700 °C, and 800 °C was found to be in the range of 67.50% to 71.00%, 57.50% to 61.50%, 49.00% to 51.50%, 38% to 41%, 31% to 35% and 26% to 31.5% of unheated compressive strength values for 0% to 40% replacement of WFS, respectively. The RCS decreases with increasing temperature; however, with increasing WFS, the RCS was enhanced in comparison to the control samples. In addition, the replacement of 30% yielded excellent outcomes. Hence, this study provides a sustainable construction material that will preserve the Earth’s natural resources and provide a best use of WFS.
Highlights
The construction industry plays a vital role in the economic development of any country
The compressive strength (CS) for all the mixtures consisting of waste foundry sand (WFS) as a partial substitute of sand i.e., 0–40% at the increment of 10% was performed at the age of 7, 28, 56, and 91 days
Concrete mixtures comprised of WFS of up to 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% at 28 days of age gained 2.67%, 4.72%, 7.82%, and 1.65%, respectively, higher CS than that of the control mix
Summary
The construction industry plays a vital role in the economic development of any country. Siddique et al [15] examined the effect of WFS on concrete compressive strength and splitting tensile strengths at 28, 90, and 365 days of age. Compressive, splitting tensile strengths and flexural strengths tests were measured at the ages of 7, 28, 56, 91, and 365 days, and noticed an incremental trend of up to 15% replacement level for mutual (M20 and M30) grades of concrete. Singh and Siddique et al [17,18] evaluated the strength and durability aspects of concrete prepared with a partial replacement of natural sand with spent foundry sand with 0–20% dosage, with an incremental interval of 5%. The published literature lacks studies related to effect of elevated temperatures on foundry sand concrete, regarding its resistance to fire in terms of spalling and residual compressive strength after exposure to fire/elevated temperatures. Residual compressive strength after exposure to elevated temperature and resistance against fire in terms of a spalling phenomenon has been carefully evaluated
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