Abstract
The anther culture technique has been used in breeding programs to obtain haploid plants from hybrid plants of F1 generation and to develop more efficiently wheat cultivars. To study the behavior of dihaploid wheat lines and two check cultivars, IAC-24 and IAC-289, experiments were carried out under sprinkler irrigation at Monte Alegre do Sul, SP, Brazil, in an Haplic Acrisol and at Tatuí, SP, Brazil, in a Rhodic Ferrasol, during the years 1999 and 2000. Genotypes were evaluated for grain yield, 100 grain weight, plant height, resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici Rob. Desm.) and lodging. The genotypes were also evaluated under laboratory conditions for their Al+3 toxicity tolerance using nutrient solutions. The line 8, originated from ANA/IAC-24 cross, presented high grain yield, semidwarf plant type, heavy grain, leaf rust resistance and tolerance to Al+3 toxicity. The lines 4, 11, 12 and 14, also presented high tolerance to Al+3 toxicity in association to grain yield above 3.000 kg ha-1. These lines are suitable to be used in breeding programs to develop cultivars for acid soils.
Highlights
Brazils wheat production was approximately 1.5 million tons in the 1999/2000 cropping season
With the objective of increasing the production of wheat in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, the genetic breeding program of Instituto Agronômico (IAC), in Campinas, has been directed toward obtaining cultivars with broad adaptability, semi-dwarf size, high productivity potential, and tolerance to aluminum toxicity, by means of crosses between domestic cultivars adapted to acid soil conditions, and cultivars of Mexican origin, with high productive potential and semi-dwarf size (Camargo et al, 1996)
In order to increase the efficiency in obtaining wheat cultivars, the in vitro anther culture technique has been utilized in breeding programs to obtain haploid plants from hybrid plants in the F1 generation
Summary
Brazils wheat production was approximately 1.5 million tons in the 1999/2000 cropping season. The decrease of the domestic wheat production is mainly due to political and climatic factors, and to those inherent to the adaptation of the crop itself, which have been rendering the country increasingly dependent upon. In order to increase the efficiency in obtaining wheat cultivars, the in vitro anther culture technique has been utilized in breeding programs to obtain haploid plants from hybrid plants in the F1 generation. This technique speeds up the process of development of new cultivars by several years, in addition to simplifying and making the selection process more efficient (Moraes-Fernandes, 1997; Camargo et al, 1999; Ramos et al, 2000)
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