Abstract
Since 2015, China has successfully launched five experimental BeiDou global navigation system (BDS-3) satellites for expanding the regional system to global coverage. An initial performance assessment and characterization analysis of the BDS-3 is presented. Twenty days of tracking data have been collected from eleven monitoring stations. The tracking characteristics and measurement quality are analyzed and compared with the regional BDS (BDS-2) in terms of observed carrier-to-noise density ratio, pseudo-range multipath, and noise. The preliminary results suggest that the measurement quality of BDS-3 outperforms the BDS-2 for the same type of satellites. In addition, the analysis of multipath combinations reveals that the problem of satellite-induced code biases found in BDS-2 seems to have been solved for BDS-3. Precise orbit and clock determination are carried out and evaluated. The orbit overlap comparison show a precision of 2–6 dm in 3D root mean square (RMS) and 6–14 cm in the radial component for experimental BDS-3 satellites. External validations with satellite laser ranging (SLR) show residual RMS on the level of 1–3 dm. Finally, the performance of the new-generation onboard atomic clocks is evaluated and results confirm an increased stability compared to BDS-2 satellite clocks.
Highlights
Since the late 20th century, China has been working on the development of its own satellite navigation system known as BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)
The performance of the indigenous clocks of the BDS-2 has been evaluated [10,11], showing Allan deviations roughly 2–3 times larger than the GPS IIF rubidium atomic frequency standard (RAFS) and the Galileo passive hydrogen maser (PHM). When it comes to the BDS signal characteristics, some studies based on the analysis of multipath combination revealed that the systematic code biases, which are absent for other global navigation satellite system (GNSS), are commonly found in BDS-2 IGSO and MEO satellites [17,18,19]
We present the results of measurement quality analysis, including carrier-to-noise carrier-to-noise density ratio (C/N0), multipath combination, orbit accuracy validation, and clock density ratio (C/N0), multipath combination, orbit accuracy validation, and clock performance performance assessment for four BDS-3 satellites
Summary
Since the late 20th century, China has been working on the development of its own satellite navigation system known as BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). The performance of the indigenous clocks of the BDS-2 has been evaluated [10,11], showing Allan deviations roughly 2–3 times larger than the GPS IIF rubidium atomic frequency standard (RAFS) and the Galileo passive hydrogen maser (PHM). When it comes to the BDS signal characteristics, some studies based on the analysis of multipath combination revealed that the systematic code biases, which are absent for other global navigation satellite system (GNSS), are commonly found in BDS-2 IGSO and MEO satellites [17,18,19]. Et al [21] evaluated the contribution of inter-satellite link measurement on BDS-3 precise orbit and clock determination and the performance of BDS-3 satellite clock prediction
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