Abstract
Lubricating oils containing ester, gaining more importance due to their friction reducing ability. Screening the performance of lubricating oils prior to field test is of most significance for the new lubricant formulations. In this endeavor, six lubricating blends were formulated having variable concentration of additives (sulfur and ester) in mineral oil and screened for their performance using four-ball tribo-tester. The formulated blends were evaluated for their extreme pressure and anti-wear characteristics as per ASTM standards. Tests were conducted on DUCOM TR- 30L four-ball tester and wear scar diameter were measured on an optical microscope.Compatibility and synergy of additives have been discussed on the basis of various parameters such as anti-wear scar diameter, mean scar diameter (just below weld load), mean scar diameter (at last non-seizure load), weld load and load wear index. The findings of this study demonstrate that ester along-with sulfur not only boost anti-wear properties but also enhance load carrying capacity of oil. An addition of sulfur beyond 2 % may not yield any significant improvement of tribo-characteristics of these oils.This paper is highlighting the synergistic effect of additives to render it as suitable lubricant for metal working applications. This paper also suggested an optimum concentration of an additive for its suitability for anti-wear and/(or) extreme-pressure properties.
Highlights
Performance-based rating of mineral oils used in different metal cutting and forming operations assume a lot of significance
This study was conducted to investigate the synergistic effect of lubricant containing sulfur and ester on anti-wear and load bearing capacity for sustained lubrication
On the basis of experimental results considering synergistic effect it shows that lube F, which contains 5.25 % of ester, sulfur 2 % has very good anti-wear characteristics
Summary
Performance-based rating of mineral oils used in different metal cutting and forming operations assume a lot of significance. In almost every metal cutting operation when lube oil is present, a protective boundary film manages to get developed between the surfaces and carry part of the load resulting in wear resistance of mating surface. The mechanism by which it performs is varied from process to process, material to material, parameters governing the process and on the integrity of contacting surfaces. Under such conditions, primary screening and evaluation of lube oil in order to study synergistic effect (anti-wear and EP characteristics) of additives prior to field testing needs careful considerations. Anti-wear (AW) and Extreme-Pressure (EP) additives have significantly proved
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