Abstract
Here, we present the performance of a thermoelectric (TE) module consisting of n-type (La0.12Sr0.88)0.95TiO3 and p-type Ca3Co4−xO9+δ materials. The main challenge in this investigation was operating the TE module in different atmospheric conditions, since n-type has optimum TE performance at reducing conditions, while p-type has optimum at oxidizing conditions. The TE module was exposed to two different atmospheres and demonstrated higher stability in N2 atmosphere than in air. The maximum electrical power output decreased after 40 h when the hot side was exposed to N2 at 600°C, while only 1 h at 400°C in ambient air was enough to oxidize (La0.12Sr0.88)0.95TiO3 followed by a reduced electrical power output. The module generated maximum electrical power of 0.9 mW (∼ 4.7 mW/cm2) at 600°C hot side and δT ∼ 570 K in N2, and 0.15 mW (∼ 0.8 mW/cm2) at 400°C hot side and δT ∼ 370 K in air. A stability limit of Ca3Co3.93O9+δ at ∼ 700°C in N2 was determined by in situ high-temperature x-ray diffraction.
Highlights
Thermoelectric (TE) materials based on oxides are promising alternatives to the state-of-the-art non-oxide thermoelectric materials due to stability at high temperatures
Ca3Co4ÀxO9+d demands oxidizing conditions to maintain the structure and an acceptable electrical conductivity. These contradicting working conditions for the TE couple are challenging, and here we present an analysis of the stability and TE performance of a module consisting of p-type Ca3Co4ÀxO9+d and ntype (La0.12Sr0.88)0.95TiO3Àd in N2 and air, respectively
Characterization of the TE modules in the two different atmospheres is presented in Fig. 1, where the maximum electrical power output (Pmax), open
Summary
Thermoelectric (TE) materials based on oxides are promising alternatives to the state-of-the-art non-oxide thermoelectric materials due to stability at high temperatures. The process industry.[5] Several oxide materials with p-type electrical conductivity have been reported, including Ca3Co4ÀxO9+d (CCO), which shows the highest performance.
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